How Mansa Musa Flooded Cairo with Gold—and What Happened Next
Reading Time: 18 minutes In the 1320s, Mansa Musa made his way to Cairo, leading a caravan so laden with gold that centuries…
Reading Time: 18 minutes 
Reading Time: 18 minutes How the Almoravids Shaped Modern Islam in Africa
Reading Time: 19 minutes The Almoravids started as a desert reform movement. They ended up presiding over an empire extending from the Maghreb,…
Philip IV’s Blueprint for Destroying the Knights Templar
Reading Time: 21 minutes On Friday, October 13, 1307, a few minutes before dawn, officials of the King of France began arresting Knights…
How the Black Death Reshaped Europe’s Economy and Society
Reading Time: 14 minutes The Black Death arrived in Europe in 1347 and traveled rapidly through trade routes across the continent by 1351….
The Albigensian Crusade: How Rome Tried to Erase the Cathars
Reading Time: 27 minutes The Albigensian Crusade was launched in an Occitan region at peace and on the economic rise. The tolerant region…
From Soldier to Legend: The Legacy of Bertrand Du Guesclin
Reading Time: 28 minutes The Hundred Years’ War saw many great soldiers and commanders, but very few have received the same recognition and…
Simon de Montfort and the Birth of England’s First Parliament
Reading Time: 17 minutes Simon de Montfort rose to power during a time of significant political transition in England. In the mid-13th century,…
The Rise of a Patriot: William Wallace and the Struggle Against England
Reading Time: 14 minutes William Wallace was born in the midst of a crisis that would change Scotland forever. For centuries, the Scots had…
Charles Martel at Tours: The Hammer of the Franks
Reading Time: 18 minutes The year 732 found Charles Martel in a pivotal position on the world stage. The Umayyad Caliphate’s armies, freshly victorious…
15 Notorious Medieval Knights Who Broke the Code of Chivalry
Reading Time: 23 minutes The romantic image of the medieval knight is one of honor, loyalty, and chivalry. Tales of legendary knights who defended…
