The War of 1812: Causes, Battles, and Lasting Impact
Reading Time: 24 minutes Buried in the shadow of the Revolution and the Civil War, the War of 1812 has often been labeled…
Reading Time: 24 minutes 
Reading Time: 24 minutes How Otto von Bismarck Shaped the Destiny of the German Empire
Reading Time: 19 minutes Otto von Bismarck, who rose to power in the middle of the 19th century, was one of the most…
Martin Luther and the Reformation That Remade Europe
Reading Time: 20 minutes It is hard to separate Martin Luther from the Reformation, or both of them from the crisis of Europe…
Garibaldi and the Popular Unification of Italy
Reading Time: 25 minutes In the early 1800s, Italy was not a country, but a collection of kingdoms, duchies, and provinces ruled by…
Combahee River Raid: The Civil War’s Boldest Rescue
Reading Time: 15 minutes The Combahee River Raid took place under the cover of predawn on June 2, 1863, when a fleet of…
A Throne on the Run: Portugal’s Atlantic Exodus
Reading Time: 12 minutes Europe was at war. Napoleon had his eyes set upon Portugal. The Napoleonic Wars had unleashed a rolling crisis…
Beavers, Blankets, and Bloodshed: Hudson’s Bay Company History
Reading Time: 16 minutes In 1670, a group of English investors received a royal charter to form the Hudson’s Bay Company. From this…
Ranavalona the Cruel: The Mad Queen of Madagascar
Reading Time: 17 minutes Ranavalona I is one of the most notorious monarchs of the 19th century, her name now a byword for…
Queen Victoria and the Making of the Victorian Age
Reading Time: 15 minutes Victoria: A Queen and an Era When the young and untested Queen Victoria inherited the throne of Great Britain…
How King Leopold Built an Empire of Cruelty
Reading Time: 15 minutes Belgian King Leopold II wanted to be remembered as an elegant, urbane European monarch. He is now widely recognized…
