13 Causes of the French Revolution Explained
Reading Time: 14 minutes There was no one cause of the French Revolution. Multiple political, economic, social, and intellectual forces were at work,…
Reading Time: 14 minutes 
Reading Time: 14 minutes The War of 1812: Causes, Battles, and Lasting Impact
Reading Time: 24 minutes Buried in the shadow of the Revolution and the Civil War, the War of 1812 has often been labeled…
How Otto von Bismarck Shaped the Destiny of the German Empire
Reading Time: 19 minutes Otto von Bismarck, who rose to power in the middle of the 19th century, was one of the most…
Garibaldi and the Popular Unification of Italy
Reading Time: 25 minutes In the early 1800s, Italy was not a country, but a collection of kingdoms, duchies, and provinces ruled by…
Why the St. Brice’s Day Massacre Still Haunts English History
Reading Time: 18 minutes The St. Brice’s Day Massacre of the Danes in 1002 was one of the most shocking moments in early…
Rome in Ruins: The Sack of Rome in 1527
Reading Time: 24 minutes The Sack of Rome in 1527, marks the tragic descent from a peak of Renaissance splendor to the chaos…
Vlad Tepes: Madman or Mastermind of Medieval Terror
Reading Time: 23 minutes Was Vlad Tepes a bloodthirsty monster, a power-crazed madman, or a master of psychological warfare? To his enemies he was…
Queen Boudica’s Last Stand: The Battle for Britannia
Reading Time: 14 minutes The Warrior Queen and the Fate of a Nation Set in Roman Britain around the mid-1st century CE, this…
The Diadochi: How Alexander’s Generals Built New Empires from His Ashes
Reading Time: 21 minutes Alexander the Great died unexpectedly in Babylon in 323 BCE with no clear successor. His empire, which had expanded…
The House of Medici: Banking, Power, and the Birth of the Renaissance
Reading Time: 13 minutes Powerful, influential, and quietly transformative: few families have had such a long and sweeping impact on human history as…
